Hormuz restrictions disrupt energy supplies and shipping as countries call for reopening
A story of 6 related events · arranged 25 Sep 08:19 UTC · Sources | Summary
Iran restricted passage through the Strait of Hormuz during the US-Iran war, while the United States maintained a naval blockade of Iranian ports; the disruptions affected energy supplies and shipping. A strike on the cargo ship Cape Dao killed an Indian crew member, and 80 countries called for the strait to reopen fully.
Key points
The strait’s restrictions and the US blockade of Iranian ports disrupted energy flows and trade, while overland routes struggled to absorb freight.
Evidence · 4 source statements
they could no longer receive gas from the UAE and Qatar due to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz
In response, the United States is maintaining a counterblockade of Iranian ports while upping economic pressure on Iran.
There are also huge backups near Iran's border with Turkey, as overland shipping routes struggle to fill the gaps.
A projectile struck the Cape Dao in the strait on September 23; Omani and Indian authorities later confirmed that an Indian crew member died.
Evidence · 4 source statements
On September 24, 80 countries called for the strait to reopen completely and for ships to pass safely without obstruction, tolls or conditions.
Evidence · 3 source statements
Who's involved
Iranian officials · Iran
Iran is described as restricting passage through the strait and is the target of the US port blockade.
Iranian officials said Iran would endure the US blockade and would not reopen the strait until it was lifted. Iran described its actions as defensive.
What they said · 2 source statements
Iranian officials say they are willing to endure the blockade to achieve their goals, and will not reopen the Strait of Hormuz until it is lifted.
United States government · United States
The United States is maintaining the naval blockade of Iranian ports.
Washington said the economic blockade on Iran was working.
What they said · 1 source statement
Washington insists its economic blockade on Iran is working.
The 80 signatory countries
They issued the joint statement calling for the strait to reopen and for safe passage.
They said Iran’s actions threatened international security and freedom of navigation, and demanded the strait’s urgent, complete reopening and unimpeded passage for ships.
What they said · 4 source statements
Fatih Birol
The International Energy Agency chief described the effect of the closure on Europe’s energy supplies.
Birol said Europe could no longer receive gas from the UAE and Qatar because the strait was closed.
What they said · 1 source statement
they could no longer receive gas from the UAE and Qatar due to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz
Mohammad Farzanegan
The economist assessed whether overland trade could offset the disruption.
Farzanegan said overland trade could not substitute for or compensate for the blockade.
What they said · 2 source statements
would not basically be able to substitute or compensate for the blockade.
would not basically be able to substitute or compensate for the blockade.
Indian authorities · India
An Indian sailor died in the strike on the Cape Dao.
Indian authorities condemned ongoing attacks in the shipping lane.
What they said · 1 source statement
with the latter condemning the ongoing attacks in the vital shipping lane.
Where accounts differ
Different emphasis
What caused the effective closure of the strait
Several accounts describe Iran as blocking or restricting the strait, with one saying Iran acted in retaliation for US-Israeli strikes.
Evidence · 3 source statements
Tehran retaliated by blocking the Strait of Hormuz, a key waterway for energy transit, sparking a surge in global oil prices.
The Islamic republic has also locked down the Strait of Hormuz off the Iranian coast, in retaliation for US-Israeli strikes that triggered the Middle East war at the end of…
Iran and the United States are locked in a struggle for control of the Strait of Hormuz, which Tehran blocked after the war began Feb. 28.
The BBC says Iranian attacks on commercial vessels and the US blockade together had effectively closed the strait.
Evidence · 1 source statement
has effectively been closed since the start of the war in late February due to Iranian missile and drone attacks on commercial vessels and the US blockade.
The accounts assign different weight to Iran’s restrictions and the US blockade; the BBC describes both as contributing to the effective closure.
Reported at different times
Casualties in the Cape Dao incident
Early accounts described two casualties or two injuries during the evacuation.
Evidence · 3 source statements
Later Omani and Indian authorities confirmed one death, that of an Indian crew member; they did not say whether another crew member was injured.
Evidence · 3 source statements
An attack on a cargo ship in the Strait of Hormuz on Wednesday killed an Indian sailor, Omani and Indian authorities said
Later official statements confirmed a death but did not settle whether there was also an injury.
Different readings
Whether Iran’s actions in the strait are defensive
Iran describes its actions as defensive.
Evidence · 1 source statement
The 80 signatories said Iran’s actions threatened international security and freedom of navigation.
Evidence · 1 source statement
Iran’s characterization differs from the signatories’ assessment of the actions’ consequences.
How it unfolded
February 28, 2026 — Reports said the United States and Israel began strikes on Iran, starting the war.
Evidence · 2 source statements
On February 28, American and Israeli forces launched their war against Iran.
During the war, reported September 22–24 — Reports described Iran as blocking or restricting passage through the Strait of Hormuz; the United States maintained a naval blockade of Iranian ports.
Evidence · 5 source statements
which has been blockaded by Iran during the war in West Asia.
The Islamic republic has also locked down the Strait of Hormuz off the Iranian coast, in retaliation for US-Israeli strikes that triggered the Middle East war at the end of…
The Islamic republic has also locked down the Strait of Hormuz off the Iranian coast
In response, the United States is maintaining a counterblockade of Iranian ports while upping economic pressure on Iran.
The Navy is continuing to enforce a blockade on Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz
By September 24 — Truck queues and longer waits had built up at the Gurbulak crossing as overland routes struggled to make up for shipping disruption.
Evidence · 2 source statements
At Turkey’s Gurbulak border, truck waiting times have more than quadrupled since the war began, according to data from the International Transporters Association, which…
There are also huge backups near Iran's border with Turkey, as overland shipping routes struggle to fill the gaps.
September 23 — The Cape Dao was struck by an unidentified projectile in the Strait of Hormuz, caught fire and drifted; authorities later confirmed that an Indian crew member died.
Evidence · 5 source statements
September 24 — Bahrain’s foreign minister read a joint statement from 80 countries at the United Nations calling for the strait to reopen fully without delay.
Evidence · 4 source statements
What was reported
Reports published from September 22 to 24 described Iran as blocking, restricting or locking down the Strait of Hormuz during the war.
Reported independently by 4: Agence France-Presse (AFP), EFE, IRIB, The Hindu
Evidence · 5 source statements
which has been blockaded by Iran during the war in West Asia.
The Islamic republic has also locked down the Strait of Hormuz off the Iranian coast, in retaliation for US-Israeli strikes that triggered the Middle East war at the end of…
The Islamic republic has also locked down the Strait of Hormuz off the Iranian coast
Iran and the United States are locked in a struggle for control of the Strait of Hormuz, which Tehran blocked after the war began Feb. 28.
Tehran restricted passage through the Strait of Hormuz
The United States maintained a naval blockade of Iranian ports and increased economic pressure on Iran.
Reported independently by 3: South China Morning Post, The Associated Press, The Hindu
Evidence · 3 source statements
In response, the United States is maintaining a counterblockade of Iranian ports while upping economic pressure on Iran.
a US naval blockade and tightened sanctions smother its own economy.
The Navy is continuing to enforce a blockade on Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz
The International Energy Agency chief said Europe could no longer receive gas from the UAE and Qatar because the strait was closed. Emmanuel Macron said the halt in Middle Eastern supplies was the main reason for Europe’s fuel situation.
Reported independently by 2: TASS, TF1 and France 2
Evidence · 2 source statements
they could no longer receive gas from the UAE and Qatar due to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz
He stressed that the main reason for the fuel situation in Europe was the halt in supplies from the Middle East due to the blocked Strait of Hormuz.
NPR estimated that the US blockade was cutting off 12% of China’s oil imports. Vali Nasr said it impeded Iran’s oil exports and imports, including food.
One source: NPR
Evidence · 2 source statements
Xi's state visit this week comes as the U.S. continues a months-long naval blockade on Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz, cutting off an estimated 12% of China's oil imports.
Not only prevents Iran from selling oil, exporting oil, but more importantly, it prevents Iran from importing what it needs, from commodities to manufactured goods to food.
Truck waiting times at the Gurbulak crossing between Turkey and Iran had more than quadrupled since the war began. An Iranian trade official said the number of trucks had risen from 200 to 1,200, and the destination country could not accept that many.
One source: Associated Press
Evidence · 2 source statements
At Turkey’s Gurbulak border, truck waiting times have more than quadrupled since the war began, according to data from the International Transporters Association, which…
Instead of 200 trucks, there are 1,200 trucks at the border, and the destination country does not have the capacity to accept this number of trucks,”
UKMTO said it received a report that a cargo ship was struck by an unidentified projectile in the Strait of Hormuz on September 23. The ship caught fire and drifted after losing control.
One source: Yonhap News Agency
Evidence · 3 source statements
Oman’s Maritime Safety Centre said the strike caused an engine-room fire and killed one crew member; India’s foreign ministry said the person was an Indian citizen. Oman said the other 27 crew members evacuated safely.
One source: Yonhap News Agency
Evidence · 3 source statements
Eighty countries, including South Korea, issued a joint statement at the United Nations on September 24 calling for the strait to reopen fully and navigation rights to be restored without delay.
One source: Yonhap News Agency
Evidence · 3 source statements
The signatories said ships should be able to pass safely under international law, without obstruction, tolls, conditions or legal costs.
One source: Yonhap News Agency
Evidence · 1 source statement
How coverage differed
Reports on the Strait of Hormuz blockade and its economic effects — Most accounts focused on Iran’s restrictions and the resulting supply disruption. The BBC also emphasized the US blockade as a factor in the strait’s effective closure; Iranian state media framed Iran’s measures as deterrence and self-defense.
Reports on the Cape Dao incident — Early accounts described casualties or injuries; later reports added confirmation of one death, the sailor’s Indian nationality and the evacuation of 27 other crew members.
Reports on the Turkey-Iran border queues — Associated Press reports carried by The Times of Israel and NDTV shared the same figures; France 24 placed the queues in the broader context of overland routes struggling to fill shipping gaps.
Reports on the call to reopen the strait — Coverage highlighted the 80-country statement, South Korea’s participation and the demand for passage under international law.
Still unclear
The attacker and the projectile that struck the Cape Dao have not been identified.
It is not known whether another crew member was injured in the Cape Dao incident.
No date for the end of the US blockade is given.
When normal passage through the Strait of Hormuz will resume is not stated.
The full list of signatory countries is not given.
Not heard from
The Cape Dao’s owner or operator — The ship was directly involved, but no statement from its owner or operator is included.
Governments of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates — Their gas supplies to Europe are described as affected, but neither government is quoted.
Chinese officials — The blockade was said to affect a share of China’s oil imports, but no Chinese official position is included.
Turkish border authorities — The reported truck queues were at the Turkey-Iran crossing, but no Turkish border authority gives its account.
U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran began on February 28, 2026, and the conflict was still ongoing nearly seven months later. The accounts include sharply different views of the war’s purpose and effects, alongside reports of military damage, civilian deaths and wider economic costs.
Reports describe the Strait of Hormuz as blocked or restricted during the US-Iran war, disrupting energy flows and contributing to pressure on oil and gas markets. Several accounts attribute the closure to Iranian action; the BBC says Iranian attacks on commercial vessels and a US blockade had together effectively closed the strait.
The Antigua and Barbuda-flagged cargo ship Cape Dao was struck by an unidentified projectile in the Strait of Hormuz and caught fire; Omani and Indian authorities said an Indian crew member died. Oman said 27 other crew members were evacuated, while earlier reports described two casualties or injuries. The attacker was not identified.
The United States maintained a naval blockade targeting Iranian ports, alongside increased economic pressure and tightened sanctions. Iran said it would endure the blockade and keep the Strait of Hormuz closed until the blockade is lifted, while reports described effects on Iran’s imports and oil exports, China’s oil supply, and overland trade.
Truck queues and long waits built up at the Gurbulak crossing between Turkey and Iran as overland freight increased and routes struggled to fill shipping gaps. An Iranian trade official cited a rise from 200 to 1,200 trucks, while an economist said overland trade could not make up for the blockade.
At the United Nations on September 24, Bahrain’s foreign minister read a joint statement from 80 countries calling for the Strait of Hormuz to be fully reopened without delay. The signatories condemned actions attributed to Iran and the Houthis and called for safe, unobstructed passage for ships under international law.